Aug 28, 2019 the arab spring was a series of antigovernment protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across the middle east in early 2011. Which iranian uprising does the arab spring bring to mind. This article addresses the approaches of turkey, iran, syria, and iraq in dealing with the kurdish issue, with a special focus on historical background. According to bbc, the iranian government holds the belief that the protests were infused by iran s revolution of 1979. Moreover, violence and pervasive political uncertainty across the middle east inflicts its own. Beginning about three years ago in tunisia, and spreading to a number of other arab countries thereafter, what has become known unfortunately1 as the arab spring took experts, locals and media observers of all stripes by surprise. Ultimately, a close look at the strategic situation suggests that israel may well emerge as the only real winner of the arab spring. Sustained street demonstrations took place in morocco, iraq, algeria, iranian khuzestan, lebanon, jordan, kuwait, oman and sudan. Real gdp growth 2010, 2015 fffi fffi6% fffi4% fffi2% fffi 0% ff 2% ff 4% ff algeria libya morocco tunisia 2010 2015. This thesis explores several dimensions of domestic and international politics related to the arab spring. A bumpy road ahead pdf by hassan hakimian, director of the london middle east institute and reader, economics department, soas underscores the underlying importance of the economic conditions facing the new republics, such as egypt and tunisia, which are emerging as a result of the arab spring. Reflections from october 2011 to september 20 67 1. Robbins, opinion contributor may 26, 2015 by james s.
These demonstrations and protest efforts have all been critical of. The protests were inspired by the unrest of the 2011 arab spring and 201112 iranian protests and escalated to daily clashes after the bahraini government repressed the revolt with the support of gulf cooperation council and peninsula shield force. The article will use this comparison and examination to determine how computermediated communication cmc was used in iran in 2009 and in egypt during the arab spring. Dec 06, 2017 the arab spring phenomenon has created new strategic conundrums in the middle east, as well as new opportunities for diplomatic ties and cooperative schemes. Five myths about the arab spring the washington post. The impact of the arab spring concerns protests or by the way attempts to organize growing protest movements that were inspired by or similar to the arab spring in the arab majority states of north africa and the middle east, according to commentators, organisers, and critics. The small but wealthy gulf state of qatar is striving to adopt a leading role in the arab world, and has readjusted its foreign policy in the wake of the arab spring. Irans reactions to the arab spring and the crisis in syria. This is an arab revolution 27 atlantic centrism 30 is cairo the next new york. Jan 28, 2016 the term arab spring is borrowed from the prague spring. Rendered in vivid, novelistic detail by someone who was a writer before he was a staffer, this is a rare look inside the most poignant, tense, and consequential moments of the obama presidencywaiting out the bin laden raid in the situation room, responding to the arab spring, reaching a nuclear agreement with iran, leading secret negotiations. Aug 18, 2017 the movement started with a rifbased focus, demanding an inquiry into fikris death and previous mysterious killings during the 2011 arab springinspired protests. Since the beginning of the arab spring, the question of iran s own political situation and its relationship to the arab movements has become a controversial issue.
The armed forces played a decisive role in many of the arab uprisings, particularly the early ones. In 1968, alexander dubcek was elected first secretary of the communist party of czechoslovakia. The collapse of the dictatorships in tunisia and egypt were seen in tehran as proof of weakening u. Dubcek attempted to implement a wide range of reforms, including decentralization of the economy and lifting restrictions on the press, but his efforts were shortlived. Missing from the scene is an umpire to manage conflicts and halt the autocrats worst instincts. Saudi arabia plays a major role in the arab and islamic.
The volatility it has generated is likely to increase, with both positive and negative results. In addition, the article discusses how this issue affects relations among the aforementioned. The dynamics of the arab spring protests depending on political preference, either the islamic revolution of 197879 in iran or the cedar revolution of march 2005 in lebanon is cited as the role model for the arab springs oppositional mobilization. Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg, 2011b and 2011d.
Occasional paper understanding irans role in the syrian. In doing so it has tried to stick to its former strategy of maintaining good relations with all countries that could be important to qatars survival primarily the us and iran. The arab spring intelligence failure holds a warning for u. Irans various reactions and actions toward the arab spring are caused by its concerns over losing influence in the middle east. The common slogan of the protesters throughout arab spring was the people want to bring down the regime aissa, 2012. The reasons and economic and political consequences of arab. Turkey, qatar and iran article pdf available in journal of balkan and near eastern studies 173. Pdf iran and arab spring wise men center for strategic. Mediation as a foreign policy tool in the arab spring. Bahrain, saudi arabia and the arab spring that wasnt, 1st edn, p. Ideas reports special reports, kitchen, nicholas ed. Momani bessma arab spring a genuine revolutionary movement. This pioneering explanation of the arab spring will define a new era of thinking about the middle east. The former has until recently been the only fundamental system transforma.
Of the arab spring economies, tunisia and egypt have shown the. Arising in large part in reaction to economic stresses, societal changes, and entrenched corrupt and repressive rule, the arab spring began in tunisia in dec. Six years after the arab spring, morocco is experiencing its. Thus, iran s achievement is pointed up in areas such as producing the highest rate of.
By the time of these rebellions, the arab and muslim romance with president obama had long. The term arab winter refers to the events across arab league countries in the mideast and north africa, including the syrian civil war, the iraqi insurgency and the following civil war, the egyptian crisis, the. The arab spring of discontent einternational relations. The arab spring some stylised facts most commonly, we date the beginning of the arab spring with the self immolation of mohamed bouazizi on 17 december 2010.
For the millions of citizens in the arab world who came together in 20102011 to discover their common yearning for dignity and liberty, the real revolutions only began after the wave of protests. In parallel to the arab spring, in 2012, the us and the european union imposed the most comprehensive international sanctions programme yet seen against iran. The regional revolution saw regime change in tunisia, egypt, and yemen, and civil wars in libya and, at the time of writing this, ongoing in syria. Instead, a new arab political identity with an antidespotic, pluralis t and democracyseekin g approach is dawning. This seminal film tells the story of two women with opposing political views fighting for their different versions of a democratic future for tunisia, the country that sparked the arab spring. Arab spring, iran, political islam, middle east, regional. Iran s leaders assert that the political structure of the middle east is heavily.
The arab winter is a term for the resurgence of authoritarianism, absolute monarchies and islamic extremism evolving in the aftermath of the arab spring protests in arab countries. See how the arab spring skirted oman, december 2011. Pdf mediation as a foreign policy tool in the arab. Apr 01, 2012 this pioneering explanation of the arab spring will define a new era of thinking about the middle east. December 2010 to february 2011 during the arab spring, and the postelection protests in iran in 2009 that became known as the beginning of the green movement. Nahid afrose kabir 1 he arab spring was a civil uprising mainly of arab youths in tunisia and egypt which commenced in december 2010 and january 2011 respectively.
According to huffington post the arab spring in oman was probably a warning send to oman from the united arab emirates, in order for. In syria, a peace plan was delivered not by a sunni arab power, but by russia, iran and turkey. Change and resistance in the middle east examines these revolutions and their aftermath. Iran and the arab spring naysan rafati t he events of the arab spring, it has been argued, have their precursors in iran. The missing states are notable libya, algeria, iran, syria, etc, but the profiles of political figures and public intellectuals provide a view of the middle east not seen in american media. The arab spring in oman a very good article from the centerleft huffington post about the arab spring of oman in 2011. As a result, the country has implemented aggressive policies they perceive to be. Pdf on the economic causes of the arab spring and its. Later, similar rebellions followed in libya, bahrain, syria and yemen. Gilbert research assistant, ict october 20 the views expressed in this publication are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the international institute for counterterrorism ict.
This article examines the iranian ruling elites as well as oppositionist views of the arab spring, explaining why iran has not followed its arab counterparts in engaging a. Israel has been called the loser of the arab spring for a seemingly endless number of reasons. It is remarkably difficult to accurately explain the course of events in egypt, yemen, or libya without reference to saudi arabia, the united arab emirates, qatar, or iran. This pioneering elucidation of the arab spring will define a new era of thinking about the middle east. The arab spring was a series of prodemocracy uprisings that enveloped several largely muslim countries, including tunisia, morocco, syria.
Causes of the arab spring causes of the arab spring may be described as following. The saudiiranian rivalry and the future of middle east. Irans role in the arab spring of libya iakovos alhadeff. Therefore, the primary goal of this article is to examine the saudiiranian rivalry through the national role conceptions that both countries projected during the events associated with the arab spring in bahrain and yemen. Beyond the arab spring 2 restricted competition models1 where winning is a means, political parties generally seek to win elections and assume executive power. The obama doctrine and arab spring the obama doctrine is a contentious topic in the scholarly world. Saudi arabia and iran increased as a result of iran s subversion of the arabian governments, especially gulf governments that have a great number of shiite minorities in their populations abir, 1997. Iran finds its revolutionary message diluted and overtaken by events. While the arab spring is unlikely to result in meaningful changes in iran and iraqs relationships with the gcc, it has fostered two discernible trends in the larger arab world. Yet the proponents of such a view are split over which iran it is that serves as the inspiration for events in tunisia, egypt, libya, and elsewhere. First, saudi arabia has sought to reassert its position of prominence and leadership within the gcc. Economic protests also took place in the gaza strip.
In this landmark book, hamid dabashi argues that the revolutionary uprisings that have engulfed multiple countries and political climes from morocco to iran and from syria to yemen, were driven by a delayed defiance a point of rebellion against domestic tyranny and gl. The role of information communication technologies in the arab spring pdf. Iran s rivals are in the game, on the ground, just as carter advised three years ago. The 2007 national strategy for maintaining integrity and combating corruption had already provided for the setting up of a national anticorruption body. It would be a mistake, for instance, to think that the current tense rivalry between iran and saudi arabia over the plight of assad regime in syria, for which the. The middle east and north africa mena have long been laden with tensions and instabilities. The 201820 arab protests, also referred to as the new arab spring, arab summer or arab spring 2. In this landmark book, hamid dabashi argues that the revolutionary uprisings that have engulfed multiple countries and political climes from morocco to iran and from syria to yemen, were driven by a delayed defiance a point of rebellion against domestic tyranny and globalized. Starting with tunisia in december of 2010, the citizens of egypt, libya, and iran all voiced dissatisfaction with their governing leaders within the same period. Arab spring, while the demands of protestors and revolutionaries were more mundane.
The geopolitics of the region grc paper the arab spring has yet to give way to the hopedfor glorious summer, but for iran it has already turned into a winter of discontent. However, the recent arab uprisings, better known as the arab spring, have intensified volatility. To move beyond this arab spring legacy and regain a reputation for mediation and diplomacy, qatar may well have to step back from the regional leadership that was characteristic of dohas policies during and after the arab spring, and act instead as a. The relevance of the arab spring for the middle east. In many ways the outcome of the arab spring is still in flux three years on. The arab spring was a phenomenon that shocked the international community. The arab uprisings and international relations theory. It will be some time before the dust settles and the new political shape of the region is known. Arab spring intelligence failure holds warning for u. The green movement of 2009, which challenged the pillars of the islamic republic of. In the stacks of fondren library, books on obama span an entire shelf. But their purpose, relative success, and outcome remain hotly disputed in arab countries, among foreign observers, and between world powers looking to cash in on the changing map of the middle east. The 20112012 protests in iran were a series of demonstrations in iran which began on 14 february 2011, called the day of rage. List of books and articles about arab spring online.
Ascendancy frustrated gulf research center 5 introduction. First, saudi arabia has sought to reassert its position of prominence. Findings from this research suggest that events like the arab spring revolutions have deeply intimidated saudi arabia. This analysis is important in order to assess the interests and positions of arab states in participating constructively in the middle east conference. The arab spring has fundamentally altered the middle east and north africa mena. The reason is that the arab world in the modern, postindependence era, had. Local youths quickly protested out of sympathy, and the protests. Obamas 2009 cairo speech helped inspire the arab spring. Arab spring used their powers vehemently to crush the demonstrators and consequently the peaceful protesters also became violent. In this landmark book, hamid dabashi argues that the revolutionary uprisings that have engulfed multiple countries and political climes from morocco to iran and from syria to yemen, are driven by a delayed defiance a point of rebellion against domestic tyranny and globalized. The leaderless revolution download ebook pdf, epub.
In his new book, hamid dabashi argues that the revolutionary uprisings across the middle east have finally put an end to postcolonialism, and that. The reasons of arab spring arab spring was triggered by economic hardships and peoples democratic aspirations stepan and linz, 20. Saudi arabia and the arab spring ren rieger gulf research center arab spring as well as by the growing popular displeasure about the widespread corruption in the kingdom. The arab spring started in countries that actually had economic growth. Between the islamic state and the nationstate the brookings project on u. Noted authorities writing specifically for this volume contribute chapters focusing on countries directly or indirectly involved, illuminating the immediate and longterm impacts of the revolutions in the region and throughout the world. How to think about the middle east before the arab spring. The arab spring five years later geopolitical futures. Mar 15, 2016 a good overview of six middle eastern states in the aftermath of the arab spring protests. Roots and causes of the arab uprisings there is a consensu s among politica l analysts regardin g the cocktai l of major factors that, when combined, created the socia l explosio n known as the 2011 arab uprisings.
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